Peanut Butter As A Healthy Food Choice Health Essay

These words may help you to remember the commended quote from ‘The Godfather ‘ , however trust me companions, these are truly my emotions when I discussion of the advantages of doing irrelevant margarine An a bit of your everyday eating routine. Nutty spread has ever been into our kitchen either doing its way through the yummilicious peanut spread sandwiches or through increasingly modern dishes like pasta or plate of mixed greens. The nutritionary estimation of the nutty spread can be evaluated by the way that it is even utilized as a base exigency supplement for lack beset states because of its high fat and protein content. In any case, you have found out about it joining concentrated fats.Then how absolutely does nutty spread fits of rage into the class of a sound supplement pick, you may ask! All things considered, here are a portion of the realities recorded about the nutritionary estimation of nutty spread that will turn you intoA an eating up fanatic of unimportant butter:Ai Peanut margarine is a truly elevated caloric, yet extremely sound supplement. One aiding ( around 2 tablespoons ) of nutty spread contains: Protein ( 8 g ) , Fiber ( 2g ) , nutrient ( 2mg ) , Ca ( .04g ) , thiamen ( .04g ) what's more, Cu ( .17mg ) .AAi Protects against high risk of cardiovascular sickness because of high degrees of monosaturated fats and resveratrol.Resveratrol is said to consolidate the antibacterial and antimicrobic characteristics in it. I Over the mature ages, numerous surveies done have indicated that individuals with normal utilization of A nutty spread in their weight control plans are more averse to create chest malady or Type2 diabetes.Ai When taken on an ordinary balance, ensures against Alzheimer sickness and development of gallstones.In add-on to it, peanut spread contains further extent of cell reinforcements than present in An apple or carrots. I A Contains dietetic fiber upto 8 % which is known to chop down the glucose degree what's more lessens the peril of colorectal threatening neoplastic sickness ( one of the ghastly illnesses doing numerous A perishes in states like U.S. ) . I Vitamin B3 contained in it is referred to for its advantages, for example, helping in the recuperation of cellA DNA hurt and legitimate activity of sex assortment meats by doing the correct secernment of sexual endocrines. I Rich start of K and Ca providing benefits like hypertension decline, sound castanetss and reduction of musculus cramps. Alright, I know, presently you can scarcely resistA yourself from ingurgitating into a wide range of nutty spread dishes! ! In any case, do one thing sure, that in the event that you are hypersensitive to the nutty spread, so meet with your doctor before doing it a bit of your eating regimen. In this way, as Channing Pollock has said â€Å" No grown-up male known to man has more dauntlessness than the grown-up male who can stop in the wake of eating one nut â€Å" , I get it is smarter to state since no grown-up male can end himself from doing inconsequential margarine a part of their everyday eating regimen! ! Article No-2††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††â€Title A - An A Best veggie lover beginnings of omega3 unsaturated fats â€Å" All enliven creatures are my companions and I do n't eat my companions! † George Bernard Shaw. Truly, you are a genuine truster in these thoughts on vegetarianismA and you ought to be pleased with yourself that you have received a solid supplement wont. However, you dread that you may be without the essential minerals that are a worked in part of a non vegan diet. On the off chance that u are a newly changed over veggie lover, such a significant number of perceptual encounters may be at that place in your mind about the nutritionary estimation of a vegetable eating regimen. One of the most wrongly detected impression being that aA vegan diet can non gracefully you with the addendums of minerals asA of import as omega 3 unsaturated fats. Presently the request emerges with respect to what decisively are omega 3 unsaturated fats and for what reason would they say they are so of import to human wellbeing? All things considered, to get down with, omega 3 unsaturated fats are the basic unsaturated fats important for human wellbeing yet the natural structure can't incorporate them.You need to get them through supplement beginnings. Omega 3 unsaturated fats chop down the opportunity of chest sickness, harmful neoplastic malady, joint inflammation and other haunting infections. They are of import for psychological ( encephalon related maps ) and social maps. Two sorts of omega 3 unsaturated fats are available: Ala and DHA.The natural structure essentially changes over ALA to DHA. Absence of omega 3 in our natural structure can do exhaustion, hapless memory, chest occupations, dry covering, gloom What's more, different wellbeing occupations. Is veggie lover diet insufficient in omega 3 unsaturated fats? A Fish and other non veg abstains from food should be wealthy in these kind of unsaturated fats which makes the reason more grounded that veggie lover diet is deficient in these acids. One thing must be clarified in your mind that there is no such food which isA irreplaceable for human health and is non present in a veg diet. Infact, veggie lover diet is the most extravagant start of omega 3 unsaturated fats. An A Vegetarian beginnings of omega 3 unsaturated fats: : 1.A An A Flaxseed oil contains extraordinary aggregates of omega 3 unsaturated fats. In add-on to it, it other than contains the benefits of strands and lignans useful for wellbeing. 2.A An A Hemp seeds contains great equalization of omega 3 and omega 6 unsaturated fats and significant wholes of GLA as of now. 3.A An Organic milk is said to consolidate 60-70 % further extent of ALA ( sort of omega 3 ) in it than a customary milk. 4.A An Omega-3 unsaturated fats can be found in littler measures in nuts, seeds, and soy stocks, each piece great as beans, veggies, and entire grains. 5.A An A Walnuts and soyabeans other than contain great entirety of omega 3 unsaturated fats vital for health. 6.A An A Leafy green veggies contain right aggregate of omega 3 each piece great as omega 6 in them.Regular utilization of green verdant veggies guarantees gracefully of omega 3 in your natural structure. 7.A An A Pumpkin seeds and supplement cooked in olive oil other than are acceptable addendums of omega 3 greasy acids.AIt is sensibly simple for everybody eating up a fair eating routine to run into the Institute of Medicine ( IOM ) proposals for Omega 3 acids utilization. A commonplace adult eating up 2000 Calories for every twenty-four hours would require about 1.3 †2.7 gms ALA per twenty-four hours ; bing around one-fourth of a teaspoon of flax seed oil, not exactly a tablespoon of pecans or 1.3 tablespoons of soybean oil.ATherefore, a solid adjusted veggie lover diet is extremely unlikely to be inadequate in omega 3 greasy acids.ASo following clasp when you are eating your vegetable supplement and individual brings up that it is non as wealthy in nourishments as a non vegan diet, give them an infiltration into the advantages of the veggie lover diet and experience glad to be a vegetarian!AArticle No-3†††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††â€Title A - An A Taking multivitamins without a solution can take to health employments. â€Å" All medications are toxicants, the advantages relies upon the portion. † History has ever instructed us that the best clinical claim to fame is to take no clinical forte, however as the human tendency may be, we do n't larn anything from our past.The same thing applies when we take a gander at the current inclination of trusting on the multivitamins and outer addendums by regular people.AWhy multivitamins are of import? ?AIdeally, universes should A get A completely nutritious weight control plans plentiful in protein, nutrients and minerals. An A But the truth of the matter is, a great many people do non run into each of the An ofA their nutritionary requests through their supplement. An As a result, a considerable lot of us depend on multivitamins and addendums to achieve A total sustenance. No undertaking how unfortunate our eating regimen is, we ever attempt to do available through outer supplements.We believe that we can escape the illeffects brought about by trash supplement through these addendums. The enormous request emerges that would we be able to hop our everyday helpings of products of the soil Furthermore, take a nutrient addendum on the other hand? Shockingly, the answer is, no. Albeit a constrained aggregate of multivitamins inside the medicine of a doctor can help you infer the advantages of these addendums yet the existent threat emerges when individuals play with their life by taking these multivitamins with no prescription.ATaking multivitamins without prescriptionAThe most exceedingly awful thing you could make to your natural structure is to do it acclimated of outside addendums. Sadly, these yearss the greater part of the individuals around the universe are making the equivalent for the sake of better wellbeing and nutritious gracefully to the natural structure. Indeed, even the creators of these addendums make bogus cases about these multivitamins being with no reactions yet the picture is non each piece rose-hued as they claim.AWhile they contain great fixings, in all actuality when taken in extra, these multivitamins are non consumed by the natural structure and in this way lead to arranged difficulties. Additionally, varying modest multivitamins present in the market contain poisonous substances in them which can be perilous for your wellbeing. On the off chance that you feel that by taking thes

Business Strategy Spotify 2016 Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Business Strategy Spotify 2016. Answer: System A business system is to structure an arrangement to accomplish the present moment or long haul targets. In the evaluation of the contextual analysis about Spotify 2016, the issue is looked by the Spotify is the expanded rivalry and the contender is the Apple music. The Spotify is doing the sole business of the Music Steaming. The organization re-characterize its promoting methodologies just as the corporate and business level procedures to pick up the upper hand. Taking a gander at the historical backdrop of the Spotify, at that point in the year 1999, with the development of the playback music records, the vinyl and the tapes have been supplanted by the CD that lead to build the income of the organization. The utilization of the CD is advantageous to get to the little and modest tape player and offers the a lot higher caliber of the sound and loyalty (Ferrari, et al., 2015). Also, recorded music becomes popular on account of the advancement of the new foundation of Mass media like r adio. Business level methodology On account of the Spotify 2016, Business methodology is fundamentally a game plan to figure, assess, and actualize the choices in the kindness of accomplishing the drawn out destinations. Its a recorded arrangement for the organization to accomplish the objective of the organization. Procedure is significant in light of the fact that it gives the business time to get a feeling of how they are performing, what their capacities are, and if these capacities are useful for them to accomplish the objective. It additionally recognizes patterns and openings later on and furthermore supportive in understanding the expansive change in the market. It makes the vision and clear bearing for the organization to work. By making a business technique, an organization can make a serious edge in the market. The business procedure of the organization incorporates the stages, for example, Strategy definition, Strategy assessment, Strategy usage and Strategy checking. Every one of these phases of the bus iness procedures center around the accomplishment of the drawn out target (Bozovic, 2017). The drawn out target of the Spotify is to pick up the upper hand and to expand the income of the organization. The expanded rivalry is the greatest test looked by the Spotify and due to this explanation organization set up another plan of action where the music marks are the name given to the account organizations. These account organizations according to the new plan of action, reached by and by to the specialists to create a music for them. This plan of action or technique is useful for the Spotify to contend in the market. These models are useful in dealing with all the exercises like creation, commercial, advancement and the dissemination of the music (Lu, 2016). Corporate level Strategies The corporate level procedures are not quite the same as the business level as it includes the general development of the association, though the business technique is concentrating on the one specific unit. The Spotify likewise received the corporate level procedures as the organization chose to go into the computerized business with the ascent of the web and new gadgets. The organization Spotify additionally centered around the general business of the organization and spotlights on different contenders to pick up the upper hand (Ranjan, 2013). There are huge five significant marks that are for the most part thought and these are: Sony Music, widespread gathering, EMI, Warner music gathering and BMG. Following a couple of years, the apple likewise propelled the iTunes model which will end up being the greatest contender for all. The utilization of the computerized medium is the corporate level procedure utilized by the Spotify and this system has positive just as negative effect on the association (Swanson Herzig, 2013). The positive point is that embracing new innovation and employments of computerized medium outcomes into the expansion in the business income of the organization. Then again, the negative effect of this is it likewise makes an issue of the music robbery, which is expanded due to the ascent of the web. Industry examination The business examination includes the investigation of the interior just as the outer condition. This examination is better clarified with the assistance of the watchmen five powers model. The watchmen five powers examination with respect to the Spotify is clarified as underneath: Danger of New section: - For Spotify, the danger of new participant is low as the new passages need to secure the inventory for the spilling administrations. This is hard for the new participants to secure as it includes enormous expense just as the organization additionally need to produce the huge number of the dynamic clients in contrast with the Spotify. For this, the organizations need to assemble the business relations at the low level when contrasted with the effectively settled organizations (Seabrook, 2014). In any case, there are numerous elements of low danger of the new participants, for example, the entrance of the providers, apple case, client securing, Switching costs, and so forth. Bartering intensity of the Suppliers: - The enormous five significant names as of now hold the 80% of the piece of the pie and these five names are Sony music, Universal, BMG. Warner music gathering and EMI. It has been broke down that the gushing administrations gain the bartering influence just in the event that they have the solid piece of the overall industry just as prevalence (IFPI, 2016). The intensity of the provider to deal diminishes with the little mark and low notoriety. In any case, it is the mark list on which the haggling intensity of provider is needy. The Spotify is the solid name having enough piece of the pie, so it is presumed that the aftereffect of the haggling intensity of provider is high. Dealing intensity of Buyer: - There are two sorts of purchaser for the Streaming administrations. One is the clients who need to purchase the music and others are the business to business customers. There are numerous components on which the dealing intensity of the purchasers is settled on and these elements are characterized underneath: Profile of purchaser Cost for the music Nature of the music Item separation Rivalry Every one of these components choose the haggling intensity of the purchasers of the music. The aftereffects of this investigation show that there is a high inclination of the haggling which gradually goes to the degree of the moderate. Danger of substitutes: - No uncertainty, the substitute items can influence the serious condition as the individuals like to buy the substitutes rather than the item. Discussing the present circumstance of the music business, at that point there are numerous substitutes of the spilling administrations are accessible in the business like physical records, TV, Radio, Internet and satellite radio and theft. In the wake of breaking down the business, it is support that there is no as such danger of the substitutes since gushing administrations as of now replaces records and downloads totally. The danger of the substitutes can be assessed as high as a result of the development of the video and internet providers (Hyder, et al., 2016). Competition among industry: - It is expressed by the Micheal Porter that the power of the Rivalry can be determined as the industrys structure, leave obstruction and development rate. As plainly there are countless the contenders like Apple iTunes, Sony music, Universal gathering of music and high development rate and leave boundary, results into the contention among the business ranges from the medium to high hazard (Ingram, 2016). Business framework model of Spotify The present plan of action utilized by the Spotify is exceptionally interesting and this model was presented in the year 2016. This model comprises of two extraordinary markets, free and the premium. Both the components permit its clients to listen the boundless music on request whenever and for boundless time with the assistance of workstations, tablets and cell phones. The free help of Spotify is for shorter periods and for the constrained individuals, while the top notch administration is the drawn out use of the boundless music with no interferences and clients can have the entrance of the greater radio and music (Javier, 2016). Additionally, the new model of the Spotify gives the versatile application likewise to simpler access by the clients on their android or PDAs. This model is extremely useful in producing the deals for the organization. The organization here, around here utilizes the computerized model just to contend in the music business and to pick up the upper hand over the iTunes model, Sony music or the general music gathering. The selection of the most recent innovation and computerized media is the corporate level system utilized by the Spotify for the fruitful business gains and to expand the business income (Ferrari, et al., 2014). End The vital issues that are looked by the Spotify decline the degree of the income and the principle issues were appeared beneath as focuses: - Expanded degree of the opposition Music robbery due to the utilization of the computerized medium According to the discoveries of this report, it is discovered that the organization manufactured the business level and the corporate level procedures to confront the opposition just as to acquire the most recent innovation the organization for the fruitful development. The greatest contender for the Spotify was the Apple music store or iTunes. The Spotify utilizes the vertical coordination likewise to conquer the misfortunes and the difficulties. Be that as it may, it is suggested that, the Spotify should open up the most extreme open doors just to draw in new clients. It is significant for the Spotify to adapt up to the most recent patterns to improve its administrations just as for the use of the vertical reconciliation in the business. The organization has the chance of doing the video gushing with the help of the Netflix organization. The organization ought to follow a few arrangements with respect to the speculations and ought to put some measure of the income in the creation of its own substance. The organization ought to likewise need to take the remedial activities to maintain a strategic distance from the circumstance of the music robbery as this will prompt the legitimate activities against the organization. In this manner, all the significant focuses

Overview of The American Academy

Review of The American Academy The American Academy offers more than 230 online courses for secondary school understudies. Understudies joined up with The American Academy can finish singular courses or work towards a certify confirmation. Courses are self-guided and have a liberal half year finishing cutoff time, giving understudies the adaptability to set their own calendars. Accreditation The American Academy is certify by Northwest Association of Accredited Schools, a local authorizing office. Degrees and Programs The American Academy offers online courses and secondary school certificate projects to understudies of all ages. Notwithstanding customary confirmations, they give the Dropout Recovery Program intended to enable previous understudies to finish a secondary school certificate from their neighborhood school locale. Self-teach understudies can likewise take individually courses, take on a math/science pack, or work towards a recognition. Affirmations The American Academy offers open enlistment to all understudies. Classes start on Monday consistently. Commonly, each credit requires roughly 120 hours of work. Understudies can choose flows through a shopping basket framework, making it simple to tailor the educational plan to singular needs. Fascinating Fact Understudies took on The American Academy get 50 minutes of one-on-one coaching time from authorized experts. Extra mentoring time might be bought. Contact Information Website:Â www.theamericanacademy.comPhone: 866-689-1932Address: 175 S. Fundamental, Suite 1130Salt Lake City, UT 84111

At Risk Students Free Essays

The following is a rundown of caution signs that a teacher may see with these kinds of misuses. Cautioning Signs of Potential Abuse: Be forceful, oppositional, or rebellious * Act out, showing forceful or problematic conduct * Fear of returning home * Be depicted as â€Å"accident prone† * Being a low achiever * Showing backward or less develop conduct * Dislike or psychologist from physical contact These are only a couple of the signs that are recorded as â€Å"Behavioral Clues That May Indicate Child Abuse† (Cross-Tower, 2003, Para. ), since wounds are not constantly a definite marker of misuse. We will compose a custom exposition test on At Risk Students or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Cautioning Signs of Potential Drug Abuse: * Withdrawal * Isolation Fatigue Depression * Aggressive Rebellious Behavior * Change in Friends * Drop in Academic Performance These are a couple of the signs that In an article by Bowers (2013) and as per him, â€Å"[m]ore than one of these social changes must be available In the understudy for a generous measure of time before a supposition that is made by an instructor about medication use† (up. 2). Cautioning Signs of Suicidal Tendencies: * Loss of enthusiasm for exercises recently appreciated * â€Å"Acting out† verbally or truly, at home or at school * Preoccupation with death and passing on * Loss of Interest or investment In school life Sudden reports of difficulty at school * Difficulty thinking These are a couple of signs that could demonstrate, â€Å"[p]attention indications of self-destructive emotions and Houghton† (Boson’s Children Hospital, 2013, Para. 18); be that as it may, these could likewise be indications of melancholy. In addition, an educator should see help If these signs show up If one of my understudies had any of these signs, I would be concerned. The main thing I would do is my examination and discover what the conventions are when detailing doubts of kid abuse or misuse. Also, in these cases I wouldn’t re-think myself and I would report my doubts to the fitting power, what's more, I would demonstrate that these are doubts and that I don't know without a doubt if misuse is happening. Moreover I would do was discussion to the kid to check whether they are happy to reveal what is new with that person. On the off chance that the youngster unveils anything, I will add that to my doubts when I turn in my report to the correct specialists. I will keep on watching out for the understudy, and in the event that whatever else happens after I make my report, I will hand that data over also. Next, I will follow the advancement that is going on for the situation and request any updates accessible. Besides, my primary need consistently is my student’s prosperity and I will keep on revealing each case f misuse I witness since it is my obligation to guarantee my student’s security and prosperity when the person in question is in my consideration. The most effective method to refer to At Risk Students, Papers

A Brief Addition to My Last Exposition

A Brief Addition to My Last Exposition My introduction to most of the MIT Admissions staff aside from my application, which I barely remember anymore occurred via a link in the blog comments to a post in some older blog yall dont know about, when I was so panicked about receiving my admissions decision that I may or may not have torn apart my house trying to find a crowbar so I could break into my mailbox. (what?! My parents were out of town, and I didnt have a mailbox key. The tube was by my front door. I missed it on my way in to find the crowbar. I am an idiot sometimes.) Two days before The Crowbar (Non)Incident, I wrote the following over on the emo, emo LiveJournal: [MITs] admit rate terrifies me more than just a little I mean, 12.2%? Come on, you know the 87.8% deferred or denied cant have all been absolute idiots. What if theyve already reached their (nonexistent) quota of black, female, National Merit Scholar, (possible) salutatorian, overachieving drama freaks with too many credits to her name? What if theres someone else out there just like me except maybe they did something impossible or unthinkable (like teaching Latin to orphan children, or something of the sort) that made them just a hell of a lot more special than me? Sound familiar? Two of the last three summers, Ive had the wonderful opportunity to live and work with gifted students as they took classes through the Center for Talent Development at Northwestern University. Many of these engaging, talented students are now high school seniors applying to college, and theyre understandably nervous about what the next few months will bring them. Over here on the blogs, we arent very far removed from the admissions process ourselves. We dont forget what its like to be that worried about your future. Some of us are dealing with it again right now. The main difference is that four years ago I was sure Id end up at a good college doing something I loved once the whole application ordeal was over. (The same will happen to most of you!) Things arent nearly as certain anymore. Pooooooop. Meh, itll be fine. Ill end up somewhere awesome. Am I right? Im totally right. (Also, I dont really want to leave MIT, but thats just IAP talking. Just wait until classes start again and ask me if thats still true.)

Public Finance Proposal and Presentation - 275 Words

Public Finance Proposal and Presentation (Coursework Sample) Content: Public Finance Proposal and PresentationName:Institution:Course:Date:IntroductionCalifornia city is the one chosen for the final projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s budget. According to recent statistics, the city has a total population of 38,802,500 out of the total population in United States of America that is 318, 857, and 056 as per the financial year 2014. By January, 2015, the population was about 38.7 million with a crude Growth rate of 0.9 % in 2014, Total fertility rate in 2013 was 1.87, and life expectancy for the same financial year was 81.0. The 2010 census for persons with 65 years and over was 11% and the expected 2030 projection is 20% (Cohen, 2015).The land area in square miles according to 2010 statistics was 155, 779.00 out of United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ total 3, 531, 905.43 square miles. Persons per square mile is represented by 239.1 in California with the United States having 87.4 which implies that the state has a high population growth rate so any budget made sho uld be flexible enough to deal with faster population growth rate issues as well as laying down strategies to provide jobs for the unemployed youths that have ked to increased criminal activity rate. Drug trafficking and other criminal activities have been on the rise in California. From 1990, the non agricultural wage and salary employment for California has been 132, 000 dollars. Unemployment rate of 40,000 people for I every square kilometer (Cohen, 2015)ConclusionBeing a big city in the United States of America, California is certain to have varying demographics ...

The Age of Exploration Essay - 1090 Words

The desire to explore the unknown has been a driving force in human history since the dawn of time. From the earliest documented accounts, ancient civilizations have explored the world around them. Early adventures were motivated by religious beliefs, a desire for conquest, the need for trade, and an unsatisfying hunger for gold. The great Age of Exploration, beginning in the late 1400s, was an important era in the discovery and development of lands yet unknown to the Europeans. During this period, Europe sought new sea routes to Asia in pursuit of economic gain, increased glory, and opportunities to spread Christianity. Although these were motivations for explorers, the impact from the discoveries resulted in significant changes and†¦show more content†¦They also encountered the Americas as well, They took the same stance as the Spanish towards the Natives and were very cruel to them. Unlike the Spanish though, Portugal focused more on agriculture than on conquest. They soo n had many Sugar-cane plantations set up all over Northern South America. The Portuguese needed slaves to work these plantation, but instead of using the natives, they used blacks from Africa. Eventually, the triangular route they took to capture slaves and bring them to the New World became known as the Middle Passage. Although having initial success, the Portuguese empire soon experienced conflicts with the Netherlands and dropped back in the exploration race. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Other nations of Europe had other things in mind than silver and gold when exploring the Americas. England, for example, had religious reasons as well for exploring. Their first claim over seas was located in New Foundland, which was discovered by John Cabot. The Enlish got off to a bad start though with the failure to settle Jamestown, Virginia. It was not until the Voyage of the Pilgrims, who were seeking Religious Freedom, that a permanent settlement existed there in the name of England. The new settlers got along well with the natives and even had a great Thanksging† among each other. The Pilgrims brought with them their religion and the spread of ChristianityShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Age Of Exploration1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe age of exploration is a period of time from the 15th century to the 18th century where exploration and new discovery grow rapidly for the Europeans. It represent a time of both good and bad when the Europeans found ed new lands and colonize them, such as the New World. To them, they had greatly benefited as their power grew but for others, their land were invaded and lost many lives. The Spanish and the Portuguese are two main leaders of Europe that began the movement of exploration and colonizationRead MoreCauses Of The Age Of Exploration1112 Words   |  5 Pages The geographical exploration was a period of time when European states began exploring the world. 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Signature: Hunter Macy Hunter Macy October 19, 2015 European History Mr. Manno Delbarton School The Age of Exploration, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, led to a myriad of expansion for European countries, namely Spain and Portugal. The rush to the New World by Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration, led by men such as Hernan CortesRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Words   |  7 PagesMatias Marroquin Mr. Verdi History -9 26 May 2016 The Age of Exploration John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: â€Å"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.† (Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. 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First ofRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration And European Colonization758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Age of Exploration and European Colonization should be considered a tragedy because of the ways slaves were treated that affected their life in many different ways as shown by the African slaves lacking basic rights, the harsh treatment of the slaves, and the slaves were removed from their homelands. The first reason that shows the Age of Exploration and European Colonization should be considered a tragedy is African slaves lacked basic rights, including freedom. These slaves had many strict

Alternative Energy And The Use Of Fossil Fuels Essay

.DOC .PDF AuthorLastName2 Alternative Energy and the Use of Fossil Fuels The role of energy in human life dates back to as far as the ages of civilization where ancient people needed fire not only for comfort but also for cooking (Michaelides 1). In the modern digital world, everyone has his or her uses of energy with other similar uses all of which affects the life of everyone. Notably, there is the production and use of energy in varying forms like in automobiles, airplanes, and manufacturing plants. Conversely, with the global trend in need for a sustainable earth, the shift from environmentally unhealthy energy sources has led to the public call for alternative energy sources (IEA 9). The transition to alternative energy sources aims at conserving the natural resources as well as protecting the environment. The energy sources include fossil fuels, the wind, geothermal, hydropower, solar and nuclear power applied in various uses modern life operations locally and internationally (Brkić 36 and Wadud et al. 18). However, although there is a globalized rise in the use of fossil fuels, the environmental and climatic implications calls for the shift to alternative energy sources. Through the analysis of alternative and fossil fuels, the essay provides an elaborate explanation useful in the maintenance of a sustainable world. The global application of alternative energy bases on the need to ensure the protection of the environment as well as natural resources.Show MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Can Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels1227 Words   |  5 Pages Alternative Energy Can Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels In the U.S. alone, carbon dioxide emission levels have risen thirty percent since 2005. If the emissions continue to rise at this pace, the temperature of the Earth may rise by at most, thirteen degrees. Temperatures rising to that height could cause chaos across the world. With more and more people burning fossil fuels every day, this unfortunate future is likely to occur. Fortunately, using pollution free alternative energy could alterRead MoreAlternative Energy And Renewable Energy1668 Words   |  7 Pagesand energy has steadily grown, as well as our dependence on them. Nowadays, power and electricity are in every facet of our daily lives. Due to this, we overlook several negative effects our traditional use of fossil fuels have caused. Fossil fuels are fuel deposits that were formed hundreds of millions of years ago, which is where the term fossil fuels come from. The two most common fossil fuels currently in use are coal and oil, which power the majority of our infrastruct ure. However, fossil fuelsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Fossil Fuels1260 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, and great sources of energy and great sources of pollution. Fossil fuels are used to power a lot of things, including vehicles, heat homes, industries, manufacturing, and for electricity. Primarily used fossil fuels are coal, natural gas, and oil, these fossil fuels are dangerous to the environment. When fossil fuels are burned, it emits harmful gases in the environment likeRead MoreFossil Fuel And Alternative Sources Of Energy1218 Words   |  5 Pages Energy Policy Jameisha Lyttle Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract The United States government, as well as many others around the world, have relied on fossil fuel as an energy source for a long period of time. The extraction, production, and development of these sources have contributed to the many issues with the environment. In addition to this, fossil fuel will not exist forever because there is a limited amount on earth and it cannot be restored. For this reason, the UnitedRead MoreNew Energy for the Future1358 Words   |  6 PagesNew Energy for the Future For years man has relied on energy in order to be successful in life. The industrial revolution relied on coal for the new inventions brought into the world. Life as has never been the same since then. However since that time, there has been little done to improve on energy efficiency and humans still primarily rely on fossil fuels for energy. For over a hundred years the Earth has become more polluted and dirtier than ever before. Now, with new, innovative technology thereRead MoreAlternative Energy Vs. Fossil Fuels Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative energy versus fossil fuels is a very controversial issue surrounding America today. The issue is so controversial for many reasons, such as our economic dependence on fossil fuels and the possibility of global warming due to the burning of these fossil fuels we are so dependent on. Where one argument seems to succeed in persuading the reader one way, another rebuttal can be made that will neutralize the arguments before it. If the United States become more alternative energy dependentRead MoreThe World s Dependence On Fossil Fuels1706 Words   |  7 PagesDependence on Fossil Fuels Introduction: When you think of fossil fuels what comes to mind? Perhaps you think of the massive oil rigs set up around the world or maybe your mind wonders to how fossil fuels formed in the Earth millions of years ago. Truthfully the full extent of our usage of fossil fuels around the world is widely not realized. Around the Christmas season as you decorate your Christmas trees consider this: if your Christmas tree is artificial then it is likely manufactured with fossil fuelsRead MoreThe United States And Fossil Fuels1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States relies heavily on fossil fuels as its main source of energy and with the limited supply, we ll have to develop and utilize alternative sources for clean, renewable, cheap and effective energy to power this country and the world into the future. It will be important for the health of our planet to utilize renewable resources that have no greenhouse gas emission. Out of necessity the world will eventually need to stop using fossil fuels fo r energy. There are many states that relyRead MoreUnited States Energy Crisis During 1970 Essay examples1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe energy crisis of the 1970’s caused authorities to search out other renewable sources of energy, which currently remain undeveloped and keep the U.S. today generally dependant on foreign fuel. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, a crisis is a â€Å"difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention.† The energy crisis of the 1970’s produced a backlash that affected much of the economy and spread fear and panic over the United States. Energy Crisis (1970’s) states that the crisis officiallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On Our Planet And Its Occupants957 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurred in the mid-1700’s and through the 1800’s, our home planet has suffered through the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels primarily consist of coal, oil, and natural gas which formed from dead plants and animals that died several million years ago. Because of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of technology, we are using our naturally occurring fuels considerably faster than they are being replaced. These fuels also damage our planet and its inhabitants and are depleting at an alarming rate. In

Weapons of the American Civil War Essay - 1654 Words

Weapons of the American Civil War Amongst the most lasting of factors stemming from the Civil War are the weapons that were developed. Before the Civil War, the weapons used were highly unreliable, and were not advanced enough to provide the needed defense for a young nation such as our own. Innovative minds created many interesting ways to demolish their enemies without ever having to fire a shot or go into full combat through different types of bombs that were in disguise. Among the advancements in the Civil War were the torpedo, the carbine rifle, the minie` ball, several models of rifle-muskets, rocket launchers, rocket bombs, Greek Fire, and a wide array of other secret weapons. Torpedoes were quite possibly the most†¦show more content†¦A few years of development and a patent later, the minie` ball was ready for combat. In the 1850s, James H. Burton, a master of arms, made a few alterations such as slightly lengthening the bullet and thinning the walls of the hollow base. These alterations made the minie` ball much easier and cheaper to mass-produce; this is what was used by the blue and grays out on the battlefields. The Union soldiers were more likely to carry the U.S. Model 1861 Springfield Rifle-Musket than any other weapon. These guns were not the easiest or most convenient weapons even if they were the most common. The Model 1861 was a .58 caliber gun, was 58.5 inches long, and weighed in at a heavy 9.25 pounds. This rifle was nicknamed The Widow Maker. This nickname was made with great thanks to the minie` bullet which was an integral part of this rifle-musket. The combination of the rifle-musket and the minie` bullet forever changed the face of warfare; thus because for the first time ever, men could aim at a distant target, and have a decent chance of hitting it. This luxury allowed the gun-bearers to hide in a safe place, yet still be able to knock down their target. Colonel George Hanger, an American Revolution officer, wrote in 1814: A soldiers musket if not exceedingly ill-bored (as many are), will strikeShow MoreRelated Weapons and Defense Systems of the American Civil War Essay2890 Words   |  12 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil War, also called The War Between the States, was one of the bloodiest wars in American history. What made the Civil War such a massacre? The Civil War was such a bloodbath because the technological advances were so far superior to the tactics of the infantry, that the weapons virtually obliterated the soldiers. Soldiers would form lines known as a battalions. In these battalions, soldiers would basically march to their deaths. In addition to weapons doing so much damage, fortificationRead MoreThe Rifle Into The Federal Army1634 Words   |  7 PagesWith a new century, came new advancements in technology, and weaponry. Muskets used in the American Revolutionary War were outdated and inaccurate when it came to the Civil War. The introduction of the rifle into the Federal Army put the Northern Army leagues ahead of the Southern Army at the battlefield. Because of the highly industrial based economy in the North, the usage of rifled bore firearms became widespread in the Federal Army. Moreover, rifles also saw improvements in loading efficiencyRead MoreWar Is A State Of Conflict1287 Words   |  6 PagesResearch paper War is a state of conflict or struggle between two opposing countries who will fight until a particular end result. Humanity has seen hundreds of wars large and small. The most important thing in war, and the thing they all have in common, is weapons. For example, the Civil War was fought to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. The sword and sabers were a large part of this war. World War II started when Germany invaded Poland, and Britain andRead MoreWhat Were the Effects of the Rifle? Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pageslonger axis (Merriam-Webster). The rifle changed America by starting long range warfare, enforcing a new industry of American weaponry, and leading to the sniper rifle which now has many important uses such as protecting the white house. Foot soldiers have used many different weapons in history dating back to the beginning of time from clubs and spears to bow and arrows and muskets. Weapon evolution has always focused on a way to be able to kill your enemy from a farther distance than they are able toRead MoreThe American Civil War1364 Words   |  5 Pageshorrific war began. Nobody had any idea that this war would become the deadliest war in American history. It wasn’t a regular war, it was a civil war opposing the Union in the North and the Confederate States in the South.. The Civil War cost many people’s lives on the battlefield and beyond. In addition it cost an extreme amount of money for the nation which possibly could have been avoided if the war had turned to happen a little differently. To start with, The Civil War lastedRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And Civil War1375 Words   |  6 Pageswas one of the most significant battles of the American Civil War. Union forces of the North, commanded by Major General George G. Meade met and fought the Confederate forces of the South, commanded by General Robert E. Lee. Many historians believe the battle was a large turning point in the Civil War in favor of the Union (Woodworth, 2008). However, this is disputable. The battle was also significant because it was the bloodiest battle of the war, which resulted in the death of 51,112 SoldiersRead MoreEvolution Of Warfare : A Controversial Topic1264 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish III 16 March 2017 Evolution of Warfare War has been a controversial topic in all the years I have been alive. War has made so many positive impacts on technology, medicine and many other scientific advances. Although with more deadly technology comes more social and political repercussions. Some discoveries during wartime has been Penicillin which has been estimated to have saved two hundred million or more lives since its discovery. Because of war we have treatments for brain traumas such asRead More The United States and Assault Rifles Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesassault rifles are not the first major weapon to wreak havoc on the citizens of the United States. If we take a time machine back in time, we can see that when there are weapons crimes can happen. The greatest example of weapons being a threat on the United States would be the lever-action weapons. These weapons had pre-made firing cartridge that fired faster than the common musket. These new rifles were developed and mass produced during the American C ivil War. The lever action rifle was more accurateRead MoreEssay on Artillery and Weapons of the Civil War1510 Words   |  7 PagesEvery war, though happens for a reason and bring a better change, is often gruesome. The Civil War broke America in two groups and, at the time, was the war with the most casualties and injured men. As the fight to preserve the Union progressed, so did a number of other areas, such as weaponry and artillery. The advanced technology produced through the Civil War assisted in increasing number of casualties. The North was more fortuitous than the South in multitudinous ways. One of which includes theRead MoreTechnology And Weapons During The Civil War Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pages Technology and weapons in wars since the Civil War have been progressing each and every day since then. There has been a number changes both good and not so good that has affected how our countries military forces react to the battle field. The advancements that has been made over the many years have killed millions and millions of people during time at war. Since the American Civil War there has been drastic changes to how war that have been fought. Why has technology in war been so important

Child Abuse Is A Violation Of The Basic Rights Of Children...

Child abuse comprises a violation of the basic rights of children and teenagers, and has been a major social problem in the world’s societies since time immemorial. To most of us, the notion of an adult using violence against a child is both repulsive and deplorable, and the worse the behavior is, the more intolerable it seems. But the incidence of teachers, caregivers and parents deliberately and repeatedly committing acts that harm the very children they are supposed to be nurturing is an unfortunate element of human society that cuts across all lines of class, ethnicity and generations. Every individual has an inborn right to psychological and physical integrity, and protection from all forms of violence. Despite the measures taken by governments and international organizations to enact laws to prevent child abuse, it is an issue that continues to exist, but rarely gets much political or media attention. We know that for various social and cultural reasons contribute to chi ld abuse. In this essay, by looking at statistics, cause and effects, I will explore how prevalent child abuse is in America, and how the issue compares to another country with different societal and cultural constraints, India. We will also look at the past and present situations of the American attitudes on child abuse. Child abuse happens more often than we realize. In June 2014, a man from Montana was charged with the brutal murder by ‘spiking her like a football’ (Fox News). While this may be oneShow MoreRelatedProspective Parents Should Have A License1536 Words   |  7 Pagesdrivers, soil testers and television repairmen... Are our TV sets and toilets more important than our children?(Tittle). Currently raising a child requires nothing besides two people and some time alone, not to mention the word â€Å"lust.† No education is involved, no background checks are involved; almost anyone and everyone can have a child if they choose to. Sometimes this may even include young teenagers prior to maturity levels you would expect, past or present criminals, and those clearly incompetentRead MoreHomeless Is Not Just About Housing1789 Words   |  8 Pageswide range of human rights violations. Access to secure and safe housing is among the basic human rights. Basically, homeless is n ot just about housing. Fundamentally, it is about lack of connection with family, friends, community, and lack of control over the environment. The homeless may face human right violation to a standard of living that is adequate, the right to liberty and security of the individual, right to education, right to social security, right to privacy, the right to freedom from discriminationRead MoreChild Marriage Is A Violation Of Basic Human Rights Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the PBS video, Child brides: Stolen Lives, 68% of the girls under 18 years old from the northern Rajasthan state in India would become child brides, some even aged between 7 and 12. One 7-year-old child bride said that she knew nothing and had no rights to decide that marriage; marrying to that strange man was considered as an approach to resolve family financial difficulties. This girl would become a full-fledged wife one or two years after the wedding, since which her major tasks wereRead MoreDome stic Violence : An Dominant Problem Within Australian Society Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesa burden. Domestic violence is a relationship between intimate partners in which one individual seeks to assert power and control over the other and cause fear or intimidation and doesn’t have to be physical abuse, it can be emotional, psychological, financial, sexual or other types of abuse. It can affect anyone in the community regardless of gender, sexual identity, race, age, culture, ethnicity, religion, disability, economic status or location (home - Domestic Violence, 2016). Violence isn’tRead MorePsychology: Questions on Cognitive Development1557 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage and speech patterns necessary for communication _A___ 3. Piaget called the incorporation of new objects into existing knowledge: a. assimilation b. object permanence c. conservation d. formal operations _D___ 4. For Jean Piaget, children deal with and adjust to the world through twin processes he called: a. conservation and revisionism b. motor learning and cognitive learning c. egocentric thinking and magical thinking d. assimilation and accommodation _B___ 5. Social andRead MoreCensorship of Electronic Communication Systems1158 Words   |  5 Pagesoffensive. The rationales for censorship have varied, with some censors targeting material deemed to be indecent or obscene; heretical or blasphemous; or seditious or treasonous. Thus, ideas have been suppressed under the guise of protecting three basic social institutions: the family, the church, and the state.   Censorship is the suppression of speech or other public communication which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient as determined by a government, media outletRead MoreViolation Of Human Rights Of Children Essay4182 Words   |  17 Pages Violation of Human Rights of Children in Boarding Schools * Dr. Asha Verma ** Ms. Mahima Bhardwaj There is no trust more sacred than the one the world holds with children. There is no duty more important than ensuring that their rights are respected, that their welfare is protected, that their lives are free from fear and want and that they can grow up in peace. --Kofi Annan The essence of the Indian culture liesRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Juvenile Delinquency1859 Words   |  8 PagesDelinquency Juvenile delinquency can be defined as the involvement in illegal actions by persons under the age of 18 years. Researchers have found that in the kindergarten years, early disruptive behaviors such as severe hostility and repeated rule violation have been associated with later criminal actions (Nakaya, 2005). Depending on the type and brutality of the crime, it is possible for persons below 18 to be charged and treated as adults. Sentencing adolescents to long prison terms at such a youngRead MoreChild Abuse Causes Physical And Psychological Problems Within The United States1923 Words   |  8 PagesChild abuse such as physical, sexual, emotional, and neglect, also considerate as a silent epidemic, is one of the common issues in our society. In the United States, more than 200,000 children have been killed because of abuse by their family members over the past 10 years. Every year the number of children reported as victims of abuse or neglect increased excessively (Petit.) Child ab use can be an intentional or unintentional maltreatment, violation, and exploitation of a child by a person whoRead MoreChild Labor : A Broad Term, And The Exploitation Of Minors2133 Words   |  9 PagesChild labor is a broad term, and the exploitation of minors remains a global issue without a global solution. Divides in cultural acceptance and a misunderstanding of what the term encompasses results in far too many adults failing to recognize how child labor affects their country. First, we must recognize all areas of exploitation that child labor incorporates and how there are child labor *victims* being arrested on American soil. Yes, victims of child labor can be arrested, or fear arrest, due

My Favorite Heroes Free Essays

My Favorite Heroes There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are In history, some are my family member who passed away years ago, and some of them are political leaders from history and in the present. I have a lot of reasons why I admire them because they are my favorite heroes, who Inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes Is general Among San who was Burmese revolutionary leader and negotiated with British Empire for Bursa’s Independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army In Burma. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Heroes or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was assassinated by his enemy In 1947. The reason why I admire him Is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He sacrificed his life for my country and all the people of Burma. Because of him, Burma received independence in 1947 at the same year of his assassination. He is not only my true hero but he is also a national hero of Burma. I really respect him and love him from the bottom of my heart, present and he is my greatest hero who was in history. My second favorite hero is Among San Sue Sky who is Burmese opposition politician, hairpieces of National League for Democracy in Burma and daughter of general Among San. I have several reasons to say why she is my hero. She is also like her father general Among San who wanted to sacrifice himself to Burmese people. She gives all of her energy and time for fighting democracy for Burma. Moreover, her party, National League for Democracy won general election of Burma in 1990, but unfortunately, Burmese Military Government took over the power of the country and detained her into house arrest for 21 years in Yankton. However, she was never upset about the under failure and fought for democracy for Burma in nonviolent ways. She inspires by the greatest India hero Amah Dam Gandhi who fought for freedom of India in nonviolent ways. She was release from house arrest in 2010. She has an open mind and good personality. She always put first priority to her people and country. For example, during house arrested, she was not allowed to go oversea. At that time her husband Michael suffered from final stage of cancer and wanted to see her before he died, unfortunately, Burmese government did not allow him to visit her at Rangoon, but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest In Rangoon. At that time she neglected her feeling and pain and gave herself first priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That Is why she won the Noble Peace Prize In 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world. She Is true hero for Burma because she negotiates with even her enemy and forgives them for the sake of Burmese people. In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes In history and In the present. By Antenatal 8 April,2013 There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are in history, some are because they are my favorite heroes, who inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes is general Among San who was independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army in Burma. He was assassinated by his enemy in 1947. The reason why I admire him is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest in priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That is why she won the Noble Peace Prize in 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world. She is true hero for In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes in history and in How to cite My Favorite Heroes, Papers

Daddy free essay sample

Looking out the glass window to see sparkling waters and white sands, I wondered why my dad left this paradise. Little did I know that Cyprus was once a war torn country. During my trip to Cyprus, the country where my father grew up, I learned about the struggling history of my family. As I enjoyed a traditional Cypriote meal with my fathers relatives, my father translated my familys stories about their experience with the Turkish invasion of 1974. My father explained that when he was 14 his family was forced to leave his home and belongings, and they ran away into the woods to hide from the Turkish invaders. Within moments everything my family owned was taken away. After being in hiding, my grandfather found a three bedroom, one bathroom home for his family of 7 and two other families to live in. My dad lived there until he turned 18 when he could join the army. We will write a custom essay sample on Daddy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I listened to his story in shock. I never knew that my dad had gone through such a traumatic experience growing up. Sitting in my grandparent’s home, I imagined two other families sharing this little house, and almost couldnt believe it to be true. My father went on to explain his thoughts while serving in the army. He planned to be educated in America and make a better life for himself. He did just that when he was released from the army. He moved to New York and enrolled at Baruch College. He was in a foreign country not knowing the language and with only a hundred dollars in his back pocket. By hard work, my father was eventually able to become a successful man who was able to provide for his family. I always knew my dad worked hard to get where he is today, but I never heard his full story. From then on I knew it was my obligation to make my father proud, and all his hard work would be worth it. I will not let his hard earned money go to waste when I attend college. My ultimate goal is to be a successful psychologist and create more opportunities for future generations, just as my dad I did. Through listening to his experiences in life, I know that all things are possible through hard work and dedication. Even in the worst of times I know that I can pick myself up by my bootstraps and get through it. My dad and his family have a great influence on how I got through my hardships. Although our hardships are different, I use the same determination my dad did when he was getting through his lows in life. One of my fathers greatest lessons he taught me was to never dwell on the bad things in life, but instead work to make things better. My trip to Cyprus opened my eyes to a world I didnt know existed. I learned my familys history which changed my outlook on life. I know I have it in me to become successful because of the hard-working family I come from. I am determined to make them proud and live up to their expectations.

ITC eChoupal Case

Stakeholders in ITC’s eChoupla project The eChoupal project stakeholders include the International Business Division (IBD), which is a division in ITC limited, farmers, processors, government and commission agents. IBD is a major shareholder in the project since the eChoupal was initialized by the division’s chief executive (Upton and Fuller 227).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on ITC eChoupal Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More IBD is mandated with developing business for ITC limited and streamlining its operations in a profitable manner. In this regard, IBD executives act as the eChoupal project managers. IBD is responsible for streamlining the ITC supply chain by ensuring that it changes the conventional Choupal system to a digital eChoupla system. The soybean processors within the ITC are major shareholders of the new system. The processors access the system to know the current tonnage of p roduce required for processing (228). In this regard, the processors can make adequate plans on how to handle processing operations, storage and transportation of farm produce into the processing facilities. Farmers are a formidable group of stakeholders who use the eChoupla system. Famers provide input to the eChoupla system (229). Farmers’ knowledge on prices and information that affects the growth of the produce is influenced by the use of eChoupal. Moreover, the eChoupal system is designed to serve the farmers. In fact, the farmer is perceived to be the system’s end user. Farmers access important information regarding the market price of the produce, as well as access soybeans global prices. The eChoupal is a linkage between the farmer and the ITC limited. Commission agents are an important aspect of the ITC supply chain. The agents help ITC in gathering information from the field, as well as buy farm produce on behalf of the company. Commission agents conveniently buy soybeans on behalf of the company at the local markets. This is critical in reducing ITC transportation cost. However, the conversion of commission agents into Samyojak is convenient for eChoupal set up in local villages. The Samjoyak is also mandated to facilitate transactions between ITC and farmers using the eChoupal (236). The Sanchalak is a major stakeholder in operating the eChoupal. The Sanchalak is the leading operator of the eChoupla system in the village and also the linkage between ITC and farmers (234).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classical mistakes by ITC during the eChoupal implementation Prior the implementation of the eChoupal system, ineffective stakeholder management is evidenced in ITC case. The conventional Choupal system allows exploitation of farmers by commission agents. This mistake did not allow communication between ITC and farmers. Th e negligence of farmers by ITC is risky and cause reduced confidence among farmers. Moreover, the flow of information among stakeholders is inhibited by lack of information channels and controls. The farmer is left without any knowledge concerning prices and improved farming practices. Lack of user involvement is evidenced in the conventional Choupal system. IBD involvement with commission agents is ill-advised considering that commission agents do not advise farmers on prices. By not involving farmers in decision making, IBD fails to motivate farmers in their productivity. This is a dangerous precedence since ITC is a major exporter of soybeans in the global market. It is a mistake for ITC to develop a system without conducting relevant research. The conventional Choupal system was not based on a research-oriented development. This resulted to misrepresentation of ITC by IBD and consequently commission agents. The conventional Choupal did not consider the location of local markets and access of information by farmers. Lack of proper research in developing eChoupal resulted to unrealistic expectations by IBD. Initially, IBD undermined the efforts of farmers and the commission agents. Undermined motivation is risky since farmers may lack the morale to produce soybeans. On the other hand, unmotivated commission agents are vulnerable to manipulating the system for unscrupulous profits. The conventional market transactions were noisy and often led to dissatisfaction of farmers. Noisy offices are susceptible to corruption and manipulation of transaction standards and procedure. In fact, this led to farmers selling their produce at different prices within a period of two days. Lesson for Information Technology (IT) project implementation in future Implementation of IT projects requires input from all stakeholders (Olander and Anne 324). This is done to ensure that the system users are able to understand the significance of using IT as a tool of change. Developer-bas ed estimates are critical in making IT projects a success. In this regard, scheduling of an IT project in relation to its function is done in precision (Nelson 73). Avoiding poor estimation of an IT project is essential since the project timeline influences the success of the project.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on ITC eChoupal Case specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using appropriate risk management practices is significant in IT project development, implementation and success. In this regard, identification of possible risks, analysis of risks, planning, resolution and monitoring of risk management is necessary (75). Finally, quality assurances in IT projects require maintenance under all cost. Therefore, project managers are required to maintain standards in project test planning (Nelson 76). Moreover, project design and code reviews are to be developed and measured against during project evaluation. In a ddition, the quality of a project depends on a continuous testing and assessment (Markus and Benjamin 62). Works Cited Markus, M. Lynne, and Robert I. Benjamin. â€Å"The magic bullet theory in IT-enabled transformation.† Sloan Management Review 38.2 (1997): 55-68. Print. Nelson, R. Ryan. â€Å"IT project management: infamous failures, classic mistakes, and best practices.† MIS Quarterly Executive 6.2 (2007): 67-78. Print. Olander, Stefan and Anne Landin. â€Å"Evaluation of stakeholder influence in the implementation of construction projects.† International journal of project management 23.4 (2005): 321-328. Print. Upton, M. David and Fuller, A. Virginia. â€Å"The ITC eChoupal initiative†. Harvard Business School Review (2004): 227-246. Print. This case study on ITC eChoupal Case was written and submitted by user Cesar Mcleod to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Concept Map in an Essay

The Concept Map in an EssayA concept map in an essay should be an easy way to show how the writer sees the world, thus making your reader's experience when reading your essay more meaningful. What better way to pull the reader into your narrative than by leaving them with a clear idea of what the reader is reading about?A concept map in an essay should not only show where the reader is going, but it should also establish where he is, what he is thinking and why. This ensures that the reader will be compelled to get more information on the topic so that the author can continue the story.The first step in planning a well-written essay is to gather a list of possible topics. These could be history, current events, human psychology, and sports. If you want to be innovative you could also look at pop culture, religion, and literature as the topics of a future essay.Once you have the topics for the essay ready, brainstorm on what each of them is supposed to represent. Themes are used in th e educational field to help teach students different types of concepts that will be used to help explain various topics to them.Once you have a theme that you feel you can build around, you can then create a concept map. A concept map can be a very useful tool for a writer, especially if the essay topic has to do with one of the topics in the theme.For example, you could have a map illustrating the concept of vacationing. Since the theme of vacationing is 'find something new', then a map representing that would give you the idea of what sort of things you might find when you go on a vacation.A map can also be used in the essay as a summary of the data that the writer uses in the rest of the essay. A map can be useful in mapping what the writer is actually saying, so that the writer can then focus on discussing what the reader actually needs to know. It is a useful tool for helping the reader, rather than just a list of the things the reader needs to know.

Free Essays on Confederate States

Confederate States of America, the name adopted by the federation of 11 slave holding Southern states of the United States that seceded from the Union and were arrayed against the national government during the American Civil War. Immediately after confirmation of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the legislature of South Carolina convened. In a unanimous vote on December 20, 1860, the state seceded from the Union. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. President James Buchanan, in the last days of his administration, declared that the federal government would not forcibly prevent the secessions. In February 1861, the seceding states sent representatives to a convention in Montgomery, Alabama. The convention, presided over by Howell Cobb of Georgia, adopted a provisional constitution and chose Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional president and Alexander Hamilto n Stephens of Georgia as provisional vice president. The convention, on March 11, 1861, unanimously ratified a permanent constitution. The constitution, which closely resembled the federal Constitution, prohibited the African slave trade but allowed interstate commerce in slaves. Jefferson Davis (1808-89), first and only president of the Confederate States of America (1861-65). Davis was born on June 3, 1808, in Christian (now Todd) County, Kentucky, and educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he saw frontier service until ill health forced his resignation from the army in 1835. He was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1846 he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was U.S. senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1851, secretary of war in the ca... Free Essays on Confederate States Free Essays on Confederate States Confederate States of America, the name adopted by the federation of 11 slave holding Southern states of the United States that seceded from the Union and were arrayed against the national government during the American Civil War. Immediately after confirmation of the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, the legislature of South Carolina convened. In a unanimous vote on December 20, 1860, the state seceded from the Union. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. President James Buchanan, in the last days of his administration, declared that the federal government would not forcibly prevent the secessions. In February 1861, the seceding states sent representatives to a convention in Montgomery, Alabama. The convention, presided over by Howell Cobb of Georgia, adopted a provisional constitution and chose Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as provisional president and Alexander Hamilto n Stephens of Georgia as provisional vice president. The convention, on March 11, 1861, unanimously ratified a permanent constitution. The constitution, which closely resembled the federal Constitution, prohibited the African slave trade but allowed interstate commerce in slaves. Jefferson Davis (1808-89), first and only president of the Confederate States of America (1861-65). Davis was born on June 3, 1808, in Christian (now Todd) County, Kentucky, and educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and at the U.S. Military Academy. After his graduation in 1828, he saw frontier service until ill health forced his resignation from the army in 1835. He was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. In 1846 he resigned his seat in order to serve in the Mexican War and fought at Monterrey and Buena Vista, where he was wounded. He was U.S. senator from Mississippi from 1847 to 1851, secretary of war in the ca...

9 LinkedIn Marketing Tips for Small Businesses

9 LinkedIn Marketing Tips for Small Businesses On July 10, 2014, Social Media Examiner quoted me in their compilation article 9 LinkedIn Marketing Tips From the Pros. Since I often receive questions about how companies can use LinkedIn for their marketing efforts, I thought it would be valuable to share this post with you. If you are a job seeker, all but the first of these tips apply to you! Here’s what you’ll learn about strategies to boost your LinkedIn marketing: Use LinkedIn Sponsored Updates to build credibility and exposure. Use LinkedIn’s analytics to make sure you’re getting sufficient value from your investment. (I have not used this feature but it might be the right strategy for some businesses.) Add Rich Visual Content to Your LinkedIn Profile to spice up its look and feel! Implement Influence Networking (Build real, personalized, ongoing relationships) to stand out from your competitors. Offer Value in Discussion Groups (Provide quality content to prospective buyers) to establish thought leadership and trust. Optimize Your Personal Profile (How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is a great start for this!) Tag Your Connections in Posts using the @ symbol followed by the person’s name. Focus on Small, Local Discussion Groups to make the biggest impact with your discussion participation (this was my contribution to the article!) Develop Relationships Instead of Adding Connections, through both your personal and company pages. Don’t Treat LinkedIn Like an Online Version of Your Resume – instead, be creative with your presentation of what you can do for your customers. Sell yourself based on the problems you can solve. (If you are a job seeker, you might be thinking you need to have an online version of your resume. But you can take a creative approach rather than create a carbon copy on LinkedIn. Consider what will sell you the best to a prospective employer and write your profile that way!) For expanded information on each one of these points, check out the full article at 9 LinkedIn Marketing Tips From the Pros. And if you’re a small business looking for ongoing LinkedIn marketing support, please contact us at teesupport@theessayexpert.com. We have experts we can refer you to!

How Have the Yoruba People Contributed to Modern Mathematics Essay

How Have the Yoruba People Contributed to Modern Mathematics - Essay Example Although people normally think of mathematics as coming from a European tradition, there is also a strong African tradition of mathematics.   This tradition goes all the way back to ancient Egypt when early mathematicians devised the formulas necessary to build the Great Pyramids.   It is the basic assumption of the current report that two important additions to mathematics made by Africa include innovations from Egypt and from the Yoruba tradition, and that these additions have direct relationships to the modern world today, in terms of connecting mainstream mathematics with African traditions. First of all, there is the Egyptian tradition, as mentioned in Lumpkin’s in-depth research on mathematics.   As noted, Egypt had a rich tradition of mathematics and geometry in very ancient times.   Ancient times can be connected to modern times, as this author notes because today they feel â€Å"fortunate to have been alerted to a reference to "an Egyptian zero" while discussing AE mathematics with Egyptologist Frank Yurco in Chicago. This reference was based not on a mathematical papyrus, but on balance sheets in papyrus Bulaq 18† (Lumpkin, 2009).   This Bulaq was a bookkeeping record kept by the ancient Egyptians thousands of years ago, showing that although these years have passed, we have something in common with the ancient world.   The idea of true zero is a very mathematically advanced one that has been discovered by many cultures.   It is not just Europe but also places like Africa and China, where the ancient meets the modern in mathematical theory.à ‚   People in bookkeeping today are still using true zero to do such tasks as making absolute transfers.   â€Å"There was also a zero reference level marked on construction lines used as early as 2700 BCE. These lines, still visible at Old Kingdom  pyramids and tombs, show the beginning of metricizing space† (Lumpkin, 2009).   The ancient Egyptian Africans used these advanced mathematical concepts to build their monumental architecture, just like architects today.

Individual report of approximately 1,000 words Coursework

Individual report of approximately 1,000 words - Coursework Example nancial gain through gain in sales, reduced cost of operation, reduction in project overruns and reduction in the time taken to create strategic changes. The performance management objective also involves motivating the workforce by optimizing plans, improving employee engagement, creating transparency, and conducting professional development programs. For improved management control - a flexible, responsible management is required. The management should display data relationships, help audit and comply with the legislative requirements, simplify communications and provide documented system for communications. Spreadsheets are electronic tools similar to various other IT tools; however the code and underlying structure is unknown (MacMillan, 2000). The main advantage of using spreadsheet is that it is easy and simple to use. Moreover, no specific training is needed for using spreadsheets and employees can easily create, distribute, manipulate and access the data of spreadsheets. However, there exist risks of uncontrolled spreadsheet used, which should be analysed to reduce errors. Spreadsheets are used for countless business functions and accounting calculations. It can be used for tracking workflow, for creating accounting estimates and for key financial reporting. Spreadsheets provide instant snapshots of a situation, which can be used for driving critical decisions. The research is based on production and service data of a firm which has been used to calculate the total expense and derive the selling price of finished products. The allocated costs related to printing, finishing, quality control and material handling has been provided in columns along the labour hours and machine hours. The expense on employees, requisitions and maintenance is also given to get the calculations. The relocation cost of the admin department is derived from the formula - Allocated Costs per Employee x Employees without Administration (for printing). Excel sheet has been used

Applications Of Chemical Equilibrium In Industrial Processes Environmental Sciences Essay

Applications Of Chemical Equilibrium In Industrial Processes Environmental Sciences Essay From the simple processes of dissolution and crystallization in a saturated sugar solution to a complicated industrial process of oxidation and reduction in industry chemical equilibrium plays a major role. Chemical equilibrium is the balance in the rate of two opposing reversible reactions with no change applied to the system with applied constant pressure and temperature. In a system where carbon monoxide is reacting with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide there will be quantity of carbon monoxide left in the solution for as long as the reaction is placed. This is due to this reaction being a reversible reaction, although carbon monoxide and oxygen gas are synthesizing to form carbon dioxide, a contradicting reversible reaction is taking place, the decomposition of carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide and oxygen gas. Figure 1: Chemical EquilibriumAs shown in Figure 1, in a reversible process, the rate of reaction for products turning into reactants [forward reaction] slows down as more reactants are changed into products simultaneously the rate of reaction of products changing into reactants [backwards reaction] speeds up. At a certain time for a specific temperature and pressure, the rate of reaction for both would be equal with no further change in the system.reaction-rate-time-graph.gif Still, when the system is under influence of a change in temperature or pressure the reversible reaction would be affected. Le Chateliers principle generalizes this in if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a stress the equilibrium will shift in the direction which tends to relive the stress. (Le Chateliers Principle) If the system is under the influence of a temperature altering the system will oppose this change. If an increase in temperature causes the increase in the rate of an endothermic reaction then the system will oppose this reaction by lowering the temperature thus favoring the endothermic reaction. Similarly, if the decrease in temperature increases the rate of the endothermic reaction, then the system opposes this stress by favoring the exothermic reaction. Pressure, is another variable contributing in affecting the state of equilibrium that affects gaseous reaction only. If an increase in pressure is applied, then the system opposes this change by aiming to lower the pressure favoring the side with less gas molecules. Likewise, if a decrease in pressure is applied then the system opposes this change by increasing the pressure favoring the side with more gaseous molecules. Several process in industry depend on Le Chateliers principle, the Haber-Posch process, the contact process, and the Ostwald process. In the Haber process nitrogen gas from air reacts with hydrogen gas from natural gas [mainly methane] in order to provide ammonia gas. Since ammonia is a crucial substance in agriculture for the manufacturing of fertilizers it is vital to produce as much as possible in the lowest time possible. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) is in equilibrium with 2 NH3(g) ΆH=-92KJ mol-1 The previous equation shows the chemical equation for the formation of ammonia. In order to obtain the highest amount of ammonia the reaction needs to be stimulated forward. An increase in pressure would influence the system. By increasing the pressure, the system will oppose this stress by decreasing the pressure favoring the side with less gas molecules thus the forward reaction providing more ammonia gas. The process takes place in a pressure of 200 atm. Since enthalpy of reaction is negative, then the forward reaction is an exothermic reaction. To induce the system into manufacturing further ammonia gas the temperature needs to be lowered. Yet, the low temperature would cause fewer collisions between particles causing the process to take more time. A compromise is put into action. The temperature is increased to 400-450ËÅ ¡C with adding an iron catalyst. The iron catalyst works on lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur thus ensuring that reaction takes time in as short time period as possible. (Clark,1) Nitrogen gas is easily liquefied under high pressures and is collected separating it from nitrogen and hydrogen gas which are recycled. Similar to the Haber Process, the contact process is an exothermic reaction in which sulphur dioxide gas is oxidized to produce sulphur trioxide, an initial step into forming sulphuric acid. (Clark,1) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) is in equilibrium with2 SO3(g) ΆH=-197KJ mol-1 In this process also, a high temperature of around 400-450ËÅ ¡C is used with vanadium pentaoxide catalyst and a high pressure of 100-200kPa. In addition, the Ostwald process is in which nitric acid is formed in several steps; the oxidation of ammonia is a highly exothermic reaction which takes place in it. (Clark,1) 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) is in equilibrium with4 NO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) Ά=-950KJ mol-1 To insure the highest possible amount of nitrogen dioxide formed a high pressure is used, with a great temperature of 900ËÅ ¡C and a platinum-rhodium catalyst. (Clark,1) Although sufficient solutions to producing essential products were obtained, limitations are found when considering the economic factor. In the contact process, using a platinum catalyst would be more efficient but since it is highly expensive and susceptible to poisoning thus the platinum-rhodium catalyst is used. Moreover, high pressure is expensive to produce. First, extremely strong pipes and containment vessels need to be built to withstand such pressure, and the maintenance and running of high pressures are costly. (Clark,1) Nitric acid is widely used in jewelry industry, when combined with hydrochloric acid it forms Aqua Regia, a reagent that is capable of dissolving important metals such as gold and platinum. It was often used in 1940 and 1965 as an oxidizer in liquid-propellant rocket engines. (Article Trader) The Haber process has been identified as environmentally destructive. It abrupt the nitrogen cycle, pollutes ground water, and increases the levels of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide, a potential greenhouse gas. Yet, if it wasnt for nitrogen fertilizers farmers wouldnt be able to prosperous as much. Sulphuric acid may show signs of harm and injury on plants reducing yield of certain crops, it may also dissolve in water droplets in clouds causing acid rain. It results in the damaging of wildlife and vegetation. Acid rain close to ground level can also cause damaging to building and statutes. On the other hand, sulphuric acid may reduce the invasion of pests or fungal diseases on plants causing plants to become healthier. Likewise, Nitric acid plays a major role in agriculture forming ammonium nitrate fertilizers. (Environment Agency) In the health factor, the excessive exposure to sulphur dioxide may harm the eyes lungs and throat. Furthermore, nitric acid is highly corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane. (Environment Agency)Contact with dilute nitric acid concentrations may cause skin irritation, deep painful burns, and hardening of epidermis, while eye contact may cause severe burns and permanent damage. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause respiratory irritations with possible fatal effects. Ingestion of nitric acid results in the burning and corrosion of mouth, throat, and stomach. A dose of 10mL is fatal to humans. (Article Trader) Science has proven to bring forth various solutions. Chemistry is no separate part of industry. It provides it with the most suitable and contemptible answers. Chemical equilibrium plays a major role in aiding to provide the utmost concentration of product needed. Several conflicts and damaging factors might be the result of such industrial processes but are all main reason behind erecting and the prosperity of the human society.

The Need to Prevent Supervisory Workplace Bullying

Much has been said about workplace bullying and its harmful effects to the victims. With a purpose to clear the area of discussion, this paper will talk about several areas of workplace bullying particularly the one which is manifested between bully superiors and subordinate victims. The paper will also present significantly essential components of discussion such as the issue’s characteristics, hypotheses, causes, implications and precautionary measures. The paper focuses on the supervisory workplace bullying, which involves supervisors and managers who use their power and position to intimidate and eventually inflict harm on their subordinates. The paper ultimately aims to make people realize the need to prevent, if not end, supervisory workplace bullying in order to avoid the unhealthy consequences that it brings in. It cites concrete ways to go about protecting the organization from such threat. Introduction Brief Introduction to the Topic The workplace is one setting that provides people with many experiences. As such, employees’ success or failures depend much on the particular situations that the office environment offers. Given a motivating surrounding, employees are expected to perform well and to deliver the things expected of them. Similarly, workers who are subjected to any form of work-related irritations, whether inflicted by their colleagues or superiors, are likely to manifest inefficiency and dissatisfaction at work. One particular kind of job-related nuisance which has significantly gained concern is workplace bullying. The workplace is an area that is least expected to provide employees with harmful or damaging feelings and thoughts. This is because it is in such environment where employees can supposedly have the opportunity to do their tasks and show their potentials hence the need for the workplace and its employees to be free from any manifestation of bullying. Bullying is, at present, alarmingly manifested in various workplaces. To make matters worse, workplace bullying is not limited among employees themselves. Bullying has escalated to a level that has involved no less than supervisors and higher management of companies. Supervisor or manager bullies use their authorities or positions to inflict harm to their subordinates. Purpose of the Project The purpose of this paper is to discuss, in particular, workplace bullying perpetuated by the immediate superiors of employees – or supervisory workplace bullying. In doing so, this paper seeks to present and analyze the essential details surrounding supervisory workplace bullying as an issue: its nature and characteristics, what causes the superiors to engage in it, its effects on the victimized employees, its overall cost to the company, and the things needed for its prevention. Problem Statement Supervisory workplace bullying has turned out to have a damaging impact on the employees and ultimately on the entire organization. It triggers consequences that bring more harm, as compared to the bullying that employees can do amongst themselves. Needless to say, efficient mechanisms for detecting and preventing supervisory workplace bullying have to be determined and put in place. Problem Background It is unfortunate to note that the workplace is the primary setting where employees are intimidated or bullied in today’s modern world. Bullying is no longer a common happening in recreational areas with children as the involved parties. The occurrence of bullying – especially supervisory bullying – in workplaces has become a serious concern that authorities both in the public and private sectors of society ought to address. Otherwise, its casualties would continue to increase day by day and its growing total adverse effects would remain unchecked. Scope of Problem Analysis In order to have a better and clearer understanding of supervisory workplace bullying, it is necessary to present its nature and characteristics. A detailed account of the dire consequences of supervisory workplace bullying and its quantified harm would help emphasize the urgency of preventing it from ever taking place. Then to advocate measures against the prevalence of supervisory workplace bullying, specific ways to deal with it are included in this paper. Description of the Proposed Project There will have to be ways for properly dealing with supervisory workplace bullying. Solving the problems it gives rise to will require adequate information on it – its causes and origin – and on how such problems arise from it. Research Questions †¢ Which supervisors are likely to bully their subordinates? †¢ Which subordinates are likely to fall prey to the bullying of their bosses? †¢ Which organizations are likely to have bullying supervisors? †¢ What can be done to prevent supervisory workplace bullying? Hypotheses Hypotheses have been drawn for confirmation through research on printed reports and materials about workplace bullying as a whole, and through the use of survey results as reliable data to base conclusions on. A set of hypotheses are focused on why supervisory workplace bullying has to happen. One states that supervisors who are likely to bully their subordinates are those who are not equipped with sufficient professional expertise or know-how. Thus, these supervisors try to cover or make up for their incompetence by bullying selected subordinates – in particular, those who are yet in probationary status and at the same time fearful of losing their jobs. Another hypothesis states that organizations with well-oiled and transparent working systems do not provide settings where supervisory workplace bullying will thrive; these organizations, in fact, deplore supervisory workplace bullying of any form and degree. The third hypothesis affirms that active involvement of management in the bid against supervisory workplace bullying and adequate information dissemination about it as something that is not tolerated within organizations would successfully ward it off. This would then form part of compliance to the enacted laws that require employers to see to the health and safety of all their employees. These questions and hypotheses serve as basis for doing a comprehensive research on the subject. This project aims to emphasize the need to undo the damages of workplace bullying and to establish that mechanisms that will address the prevalence of bullying in the workplace are not complicated or difficult to accomplish. This will encourage an anti-bully culture to prevail in the workplaces, which should eventually wipe out bullying as a common threat to the emotional wellbeing, the productivity level and the general welfare of organizations. Results Origin of the Concept Workplace bullying phenomenon traces its root from the trauma resulting from continued psychological fear of employees in the work environment. Heinz Leyman, the founder of a three-decade-old international anti-bullying association, has cited in her documentations that Namie (2003) used the term â€Å"mobbing† to describe such harmful act. The term â€Å"workplace bullying† was later used by Andrea Adams in the early part of 1990s to refer to the same form of intimidation when the victims happened to be employees doing their work in their respective workplaces. Thereafter, the concept of workplace bullying was introduced to the United States organizational setting by Namie in 1998 while an associate formally presented to the criminal justice system the legal issues emanating from it. Namie, 2003) Nature and Characteristics of Workplace Bullying Different sorts of threats and intimidation coming from supervisors and managers cannot be ignored. They are bound to cause stress, anxiety, discomfort and disappointment or even to inflict pain on the victimized employees. The workplace, then, becomes a hostile place. T here is no doubt that the presence of the bullying bosses doing their bullying tactics does not create a healthy culture. In general, supervisory workplace bullying damages the organization. Workplace bullying is generally characterized by the fact that it is unwanted, intentional, frequent and intense inappropriate behaviors which are enough to inflict harm and trauma-related manifestation to employees’ physical, psychological and emotional conditions (Namie, 2003). Hence, bullying in a work setting is a manifestation of either the supervisor or co-workers’ terrorizing, insulting, demeaning and embarrassing attitudes committed against employee-victim. The workplace bully wants power over his co-workers; the supervisory workplace bully wants control over his subordinates. Namie further said that workplace bullying is often caused by issues pertaining to gender, race, economic or financial status and positions of employees in an organization (Namie, 2003). Workplace bullying can be accomplished in various ways. The Trades Union Congress, by defining the term, names the factors that can lead to it: Workplace bullying can be defined as offensive, intimidating, malicious, insulting or humiliating behavior, abuse of power or authority which attempts to undermine an individual or group of employees and which may cause them to suffer stress (TUC website). Samples of Bullying Acts of Supervisors The Workplace Bullying Institute has described that supervisory workplace bullies generally inflict verbal or spoken abuse against subordinate employees, create work distractions such as sabotage that hampers workers’ tasks from being completed and manifest insulting behaviors with a purpose to threaten, humiliate and intimidate the victims (Workplace Bullying Institute, 2008). Specifically, supervisor and manager bullies can manifest several intimidating conducts which vary from physical or spoken offenses and from subtle and blatant manners. Some of the evident workplace intimidations done by superiors towards their subordinates include demeaning opinion or regular criticisms; shouting or use of offensive language; belittling or unreasonable statements or jokes about an employee’s physical looks, way of living and background. Additionally, the conducts include insulting acts; segregating employees from regular job interaction and development-related opportunities; excessive workload; unimportant pressure; illogical deadlines; meddling with personal and work belongings; aggressive conducts; intentional withholding of needed details, access, assistance and resources; fabricating the idea of uselessness; uncalled work alterations; unmerited jobs; not providing due recognition; exaggerated performance checking, and illogical disciplinary actions (â€Å"Workplace Bullying and Intimidation,† 2008). Prevalence of Bullying in the Workplace and Its Cost Bullying has become so common an occurrence in the working place. This statement is confirmed by documented surveys. Among them are the following: Date of bullying survey Survey origin Ratio of employees bullied % of workforce Number of employees bullied Bullied over the period†¦ Nov 1996 IPD 1 in 8 12 3. 5m 5 years Oct 1998 TUC 1 in 6 18 4. 5m 1 year Feb 2000 UMIST 1 in 4 25 7m 5 years Oct 2003 CHI 1 in 3 37 10. 4m 1 year Apr 2002 Lyn Quine 1 in 3 37 10. 5m 1 year Jan 1999 Lyn Quine 1 in 3 38 10. 5m 1 year Jun 1994 SUBS in 2 53 14m working life Source: UK National Workplace Bullying Advice Line webpage With the frequency of bullying incidents in workplaces, the total productivity of workforces of various organizations has been greatly affected. Needless to say, lowered productivity is tantamount to wastage of time and a general failure to maximize the resources – especially the human resources – that would have been available for the organizations and their respective pursuits. A noted psychologist, Michael Harrison, Ph. D. , has cited the results of a survey involving 9,000 federal employees. The entire exercise has led to the significant findings: that 42 percent of the female and 15 percent of the male employees all experienced harassment of any form within two years from the conduct of survey in 2002. In monetary terms, such incidents of harassment have accumulated costs pertaining to lost time and productivity amounting to over US$180 million. (Farrell, 2002). Source: Working to Halt Online Abuse, 2000 Also according to surveys, the male gender composes the majority of the harassers while the female gender composes the majority of the harassed parties. Source: Working to Halt Online Abuse, 2000 Causes of Supervisory Workplace Bullying Given the fact that workplace bullying is not only contained among employees themselves but is more apparent between superiors and subordinates in current work settings, it is empirical to determine and analyze the causes of the problem. This leads to the identification of the reasons behind the inappropriate and unreasonable bullying acts committed by supervisors or managers with their subordinates as victims and the motivating factors that make them engage in such untoward acts. Throughout these procedures, theories related to supervisory workplace bullying will be analyzed as to relevance and applicability. In an analysis of 148 organizational ethnographies, Hodson, Roscigno and Lopez (2006) learned that the relative and organizational bases of workplace bullying are established by three main theories. The first supporting hypothesis stated that powerlessness is related with the vulnerability of subordinates against the bullying of their superiors. Subordinates who are not yet secured with their employment such as casual and probationary employees, members of minority groups and workers engaged in low-end services fall prey to workplace bullying by their supervisors and managers. Secondly, the hypothesis about the context or culture of an organization – the bureaucracy therein and involvement of the company management people in general – also fail to stop workplace bullying and to support initiatives that would help the organization to rationally in dealing the issue. This led to the third hypothesis which explained that common path to workplace bullying is organization chaos. This means that workplace bullying is likely to be committed by supervisors and manager against their subordinates when there is chaos in the organizational set-up or where relational powerlessness adds to the lack of transparency, liability and competence of the superiors or within the organization in general (Hodson, Roscigno & Lopez, 2006). Effects of Supervisory Workplace Bullying Namie further reported that the prevalence of workplace bullying in the country was based on a ballpark figure derived from a random survey of Michigan workers that was conducted in 2000. The study indicated that the lives of a significant number of employees were severely affected because of existence of workplace bullying in their respective companies (Namie, 2003). The issue of workplace bullying has gained significance because of the apparent implications that it has inflicted on the lives of the victims. In particular, Parker-Pope (2008) has noted that supervisory workplace bullying has taken its toll on the emotions of subordinate employees. In fact, its seriousness and the gravity of its negative effects have surpassed another sensitive work-related offense which is sexual harassment. Parker-Pope added that in the current corporate setting, supervisors and managers tend to be insensitive to its damaging implications and even regard bullying as one of the harsh management styles (Parker-Pope, 2008). Workplace bullying is generally bad for any industry. This is due to the fact that bullied subordinates are inclined not to report for work and this scenario, coupled with increased turnover of employees, eventually affects the organization. Aside from emotional impact, workplace bullying results to serious health concerns where bullied subordinates suffer tension, misery, nervousness and even signs of post-traumatic strain illness (Parker-Pope, 2008). This finding is relevant in order to have an increased awareness on the harmful effects of workplace bullying. Aside from these apparent effects, the harm inflicted to bullied employees such as financial problem, reduced self-respect and phobias as well as other physical problems are alarming signs of the issue that need to be addressed. Prevention of Supervisory Workplace Bullying Citing previous studies which proved the negative implications of workplace bullying to the victims, Namie noted that it has definitely spurred an escalated lack of civility in workplaces. Hence, there is indeed a need to regard it in the same way as the other serious work-related offenses such racial discrimination and sexual harassment. In doing so, there will be a clear identification of the bullies and establishment of guidelines. Additionally, an increased awareness will pave the way for companies to create punishments as well as for the lawmakers to enact laws addressing workplace bullying and for the criminal justice system or law enforcement to implement the penalties (Namie, 2003). Supervisory workplace bullying can be prevented if the victims will have the conviction to work on putting such harmful treatment to a stop and if the company management is committed to address the concern. It is only through the collected efforts, therefore, of both the victims and management that workplace bullying can be totally eliminated from the organization. With this kind of cooperation in place, the problem of workplace bullying would be efficiently dealt with. More importantly, the bullies would hence be restricted from taking in more victims. The initial move to prevent, if not stop, workplace bullying is to accept its existence (Union Safe, 2005). When the problem is recognized as an issue that needs to be addressed, it is essential for the company, through its management, to formulate guidelines that will punish bully supervisors and managers as well as precautionary measures or steps that will protect the subordinate victims and punish. For the part of the company, the employers need to present a clear statement among all employees that such act is inadmissible and not tolerated. Another move to prevent economic losses that can stem from bullying acts within organizations is to arrange for training programs to be cascaded from managerial to staff levels and to impose anti-harassment policies that will brook no exceptions. Such policies should cover any act of bullying as something that will not be tolerated by management. (Farrell, 2002) A four-step process for recognizing and removing the risks of workplace bullying has been outlined to specifically guide management in handing the bullies right. Step 1 involves identifying the bullies as hazards; step 2 begins the assessment of the risks of having such bullies around; step 3 brings in effective measures to control such risks identified and assessed; and, step 4 requires the evaluation and review of how the bullies were accordingly dealt with. (Preventing Workplace Bullying: A Practical Guide for Employers) The following is an illustration of these four steps: Source: Preventing Workplace Bullying: A Practical Guide for Employers Preventing any form of bullying from occurring within an organization is not simply a move that top management would want to make for the sake of avoiding the huge costs and non-quantifiable but equally dire consequences that arise from its prevalence. Instead, such prevention is a specifically required by law – specifically, by the S ection 5a of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This law defines the safe and healthy workplace that all employers ought to provide employees; such workplace should, then, be free of threats and other hazards caused by the presence of an individual bully therein. (Farrell, 2002) Putting in concrete writing the campaign of the organization against workplace bullying and its serious policies against all forms of it should come a long way in discouraging everyone from ever bullying fellow members of the organization. A sample written company rule against workplace bullying is as follows: Source: Safety & Health Assessment Research by Prevention Conclusion The support and participation of everyone – the management and the victims themselves – are significant in achieving a good fight against workplace bullying. Subordinates should be able to stop it even at its initial stage by being confident and firm in telling the bully supervisor or manager that the action is a serious offense. The union, in turn, needs to ensure in the first place that the workplace is free from any form of intimidation as well as assist and give essential service to the victim. In doing so, a victim is assured that he or she is not alone in the fight against bullying while the bully superiors are warned as well that resorting to bullying will expose them to moral and legal liabilities. Workplace bullying is a serious and dangerous issue that should not be taken for granted. With heightened consciousness about workplace bullying in general, the bulling supervisors and the bullied subordinates will know their places in the organization and the rights of everyone therein. The management and staff of companies all ought to be properly apprised as to the specifics of workplace bullying – in particular, its characteristics, signs and manifestations, causes, theoretical basis, effects, and precautionary measures against it. Through the collected efforts of the employers, management, employees and the union, the subordinate victims are saved from the ill effects of being bullied while the needed help is provided to the bully supervisors or managers. Indeed, bullying bosses would have to come to terms with issues that they have to face within themselves. They should realize that their bullying actions are manifestations of psychological disorders that would have to be treated for their own good. The significance of supervisory workplace bullying is emphasized by the above discussion on the specific bullies’ actions which threaten the victims. It is important to recognize what causes the bully superiors to intimidate their subordinates in order to identify the appropriate actions to be taken. The extent of the adverse effect of supervisory workplace bullying is more than enough to spur action aimed towards preventing it at all cost. The materials gathered from related literature confirm the hypotheses on which this research has been based. Such materials on workplace bullying indeed confirm that bullying and intimidation are done by the very people who, as supervisors and managers, should have been first to see to the generally healthy working environment that their subordinates are entitled to. The workplace bullies have turned out to be mostly superiors who delight in abusing the authority and power that go with their positions in the company by causing the people at the bottom of the organization chart all sorts of despair and anxiety. They are sick people needing psychological therapy and, unless treated, they ought to never have been designated to occupy supervisory or managerial positions. The alarming increase in the frequency of reported workplace bullying has thankfully triggered higher levels of awareness and resolve on the part of management people to be vigilant in detecting slightest signs of bullying in their respective turfs and to decisively put an end to it all. This should mean that the bullying bosses will cease to make victims of their subordinates and that the non-bullying ones will not anymore hesitate to stop colleagues from engaging in their bullying ways. Increased consciousness should generally limit the opportunities of bullies to do any bullying. It has also been an acknowledged truth, as seen by the rising prevalence of workplace bullying, that management has not been proactively battling it as something that can harm the organization, in terms of both the individual circumstances of its members and the overall effectiveness of the group. Websites of various government welfare agencies and all kinds of published materials have been decrying workplace bullying as a menace to the entire organization, citing specific reasons to substantiate the harm that it is purported to cause. This rising consciousness will equip employees with sufficient ammunition against being victimized by a bullying boss, who is most likely to get away with his bullying when dealing with an intimidated and uninformed subordinate. Thus, bullying now becomes associated with bad bosses who are harboring some insecurities, tendencies toward racial discrimination, imbalanced value systems, or psychological disorders. Gone are the days when victims silently suffer from the ill treatment that they get from bullying bosses. These days, workers now know their rights as provided by enacted laws. Articles have been written to repeatedly emphasize that bullying is a threat against the overall safety and welfare of employees, which are protected by laws as vital to all organizations. In organizations that are inadequately set up, there is bound to be chaos and lack of transparency in different matters that ought to be well-established and systematized. Indeed, bullies would not thrive in an organization where everything is in order. Among the things to be clearly made known to everybody in an organization is how each of them is supposed to epitomize the vision, mission and objectives of their organization. These ideals would encourage virtues and good traits such as honesty, willingness to work hard, treating people right, and concern for other people’s well-being. Needless to say, these ideals go against the motives that lead people to bully other people. Improvement of corporate governance, therefore, is a step toward prevention of bullying in the workplace. Healthy organizations have efficient, skilled, well-trained and confident people, both officers and staff. In such organizations, bullying will not at all be tolerated. In general, competent superiors would never feel the slightest inclination toward bullying as a management tactic or as a way to get their needed confidence-boosting. Good managers deliver what is expected of them and get people to do their own share of work without at all having recourse to bullying. In fact, it is the absence of malpractices like bullying that bolster the integrity and authority of management people. Bullying managers do not at all win the respect and admiration of their subordinates – they get only fear, and even this fear is not known to last simply because bullying either will cease once detected or once the victim has decided to leave the company for good. Workplace bullying brings in unnecessary costs and losses. In totality, it triggers all sorts of dire consequences and not a bit of beneficial result. The development in the area of proactive fight against workplace bullying has undoubtedly improved the lot of the victims thereof. But a lot remains to yet be accomplished in this line of endeavor.